Which type of nerve stimulation can be used to treat refractory overactive bladder?

Sacral nerve stimulation is a well-established treatment option for refractory overactive bladder. It involves the implantation of a device that sends electrical impulses to the sacral nerves, which play a critical role in bladder control and micturition. This form of stimulation can help modulate the nerve activity associated with bladder function, promoting better bladder control and reducing symptoms of urgency, frequency, and incontinence in patients who have not responded to conservative management or medication.

In comparison, while other types of nerve stimulation such as vagus nerve stimulation or spinal cord stimulation may have therapeutic roles in different conditions, they are not specifically indicated for treating overactive bladder. Pelvic nerve stimulation also differs in its mechanism and application from sacral nerve stimulation. The targeted approach of sacral nerve stimulation effectively addresses the unique neurophysiological aspects of overactive bladder, making it the preferred choice in this context.