What might be a consequence of untreated prolonged urinary obstruction?

Untreated prolonged urinary obstruction can lead to kidney damage because the obstruction causes a buildup of pressure in the urinary tract. As urine cannot flow freely from the kidneys to the bladder, it backs up into the kidneys. This increased pressure can lead to conditions such as hydronephrosis, where the kidney swells due to the accumulation of urine, and can ultimately result in renal parenchyma damage. Over time, prolonged pressure can impair kidney function, leading to chronic kidney disease or even kidney failure if not addressed.

On the other hand, increased bladder capacity or improved urine flow would not occur due to obstruction; instead, the bladder may experience dysfunction due to chronic distension. Enhanced kidney function is not a likely consequence either, as the kidneys would be under strain rather than operating optimally in the presence of an obstruction.