How does aging affect bladder capacity and control?

As individuals age, several physiological changes occur that can significantly impact bladder function. One of the most notable changes is a decrease in bladder capacity, which is often accompanied by a reduction in the ability to control urination. The aging process can lead to structural and functional changes in the bladder and surrounding muscles. For instance, bladder wall elasticity may diminish, leading to a decrease in how much urine the bladder can hold.

Additionally, there can be changes in the neuromuscular control of bladder function. The nervous system may become less efficient in coordinating the complex muscle contractions necessary for both bladder filling and emptying, which can result in increased frequency of urination and potentially lead to incontinence. Therefore, as people age, they may experience a combination of reduced bladder capacity along with compromised control over urination, making option C the appropriate choice in the context of how aging affects bladder function.